COMPUTER BASICS

 COMPUTER BASICS

Computer basics is very easy topic. Computers part is the most easiest and time saving paper for IBPS exam. Mostly people neglect this computer paper taking it as an easy paper , but it needs more attention as an aspirant can finish this paper of fifty questions in just ten to twelve minutes and can score around forty five to fifty marks (45-50 marks). So by this time I think everyone has got to know the importance of this paper.

Computer is an electronic device that can count ,write & solve complex problems with high accuracy and speed.

It took over a century to develop first mechanical computer Mark-I by Howard Aiken in 1937 from the Analytical Engine of Charles Babbage (1833).
By extending the concept to electronic circuits in the form of on or off ,Atansasoff & Berry had developed the first all electronic computers by 1940.

Memory :

Binary system is used to represent information and store it in computer.This system uses two digits -0 & 1.
A Binary digit is also called a Bit.A group of 4 bits is called a Nibble and a group of 8 bits is called a Byte.A Byte represents a single memory location.

The size of computer memory is commonly expressed in terms of bytes /words.
Byte is piece of computer information made up of 8 bits.
Bit– is smallest piece of information used by computer
MB –Mega Byte
Mb- Megabit
MB/s– Megabyte/sec
Mb/s– Megabits/Sec
BPS –Bite Per Sec.
Bit- 1 Binary digit
8Bits = 1Byte
K-Kilobyte
Kb-KiloBit
K- Kilobyte
K= 1024 Bytes
MB=1024 Kilobytes
1024 Bytes=1 KB

Computers are analogue /digital machines those converting numbers into physical quantities,which can vary continuously with in a range are
Analogue computers;while those using numbers (which are discrete values) called Digital computers. 
Third class of computers called Hybrid Computers & further due to their superior flexibility & accuracy the digital computers dominate the contemporary computer scene the latest of which are called Micro Computers.

A Computer’s memory has two memories…one permanent and another one is temporary.
ROM
RAM

ROM : (READ ONLY MEMORY)

ROM is permanent in nature .Neither you nor the computer has any control over the information in ROM.
Here the manufacturer has  special data that can be used,but not erased /changed .

RAM : (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY) :

RAM handles all input each electronic switch storing one bit. The more RAM Computer has , the more information it can store. RAM presents a special problem it works only as long as an electric current flows through it.

SPEED : 

Computer speeds are measured in terms of million instructions / second i.e., MIP which reflects the number of instructions the processor at the heart of computer can perform . The performance of parallel computers is judged by another yardstick,i.e., megaflops ,which stands for one million floating point operations a second Floating Point is computer shorthand for storing very large numbers.